Primary Source: The White Man's Burden (Rudyard Kipling)

Take up the White Man's burden--
Send forth the best ye breed--
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild--
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.

Take up the White Man's burden--
In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror
And check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple,
An hundred times made plain
To seek another's profit,
And work another's gain.

Take up the White Man's burden—
The savage wars of peace—
Fill full the mouth of Famine
And bid the sickness cease;
And when your goal is nearest
The end for others sought,
Watch sloth and heathen Folly
Bring all your hopes to nought.

Take up the White Man's burden—
No tawdry* rule of kings,
But toil of serf and sweeper—
The tale of common things.
The ports ye shall not enter,
The roads ye shall not tread,
Go mark them with your living,
And mark them with your dead.

Take up the White Man's burden--
And reap his old reward:
The blame of those ye better,
The hate of those ye guard--
The cry of hosts ye humour
(Ah, slowly!) toward the light:--
"Why brought he us from bondage,
Our loved Egyptian night?"

Take up the White Man's burden—
Ye dare not stoop to less—
Nor call too loud on Freedom
To cloke your weariness;
By all ye cry or whisper,
By all ye leave or do,
The silent, sullen* peoples
Shall weigh your gods and you.

Take up the White Man's burden—
Have done with childish days—
The lightly proferred* laurel,
The easy, ungrudged praise.
Comes now, to search your manhood
Through all the thankless years
Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom,
The judgment of your peers

*Tawdry: showy, but cheap and of poor quality

*Sullen: sulky, gloomy

*Profer: to put before a person for acceptance; to offer

STUDY QUESTIONS

1. Based on the poem, how would you define the White Man’s burden?
2. Each stanza of the poem identifies a specific aspect of the white man’s burden. Underline a word or phrase from each stanza that defines each aspect of that burden.
3. Who is the speaker of the poem?
4. Identify and explain at least one Biblical allusion in the poem.
5. For whom is the White Man’s burden a burden?
6. How would you classify the tone of the poem? What technique does Kipling use to create this tone? Does the tone change?
7. Does this poem celebrate imperialism or is it meant to have an ironic tone?